Is Nick Crossley-Making Sense of Social Movements-Open University Press (2002).pdf safe?
None of 54 antivirus engines detected the long-known PDF, including all 18 tier-1 engines, with no static threat indicators or adverse intelligence.
The PDF received no detections from 54 antivirus engines, including 18 tier-1 products, and its hash has been known since 2014. No completed sandbox run or comprehensive host-reputation check is available, so ordinary caution remains appropriate for links or embedded content.
a6dd5f84aae2096cff…b267f3a9cc646fRecommended next actions
Before opening
Open it only when its sender or download source is one you independently trust.
If you already opened it
Keep normal device protection enabled and stop if the file behaves unexpectedly.
Intelligence
The saved assessment, checked against the scan evidence and recorded coverage.
The reasoning behind this verdict
This section explains the evidence supporting the verdict and keeps conflicting or missing signals visible.
The PDF received no detections from 54 antivirus engines, including 18 tier-1 products, and its hash has been known since 2014. No completed sandbox run or comprehensive host-reputation check is available, so ordinary caution remains appropriate for links or embedded content.
All 54 antivirus engines returned no detection, including 18 tier-1 products such as Microsoft, Kaspersky, BitDefender, and ESET-NOD32. The sample has been known for more than twelve years, which reduces concern about an entirely novel threat, although it has only two recorded submissions. Code signing does not meaningfully apply to this PDF, so its unsigned status is neutral. No heuristic, family-consensus, brand-mismatch, dropped-child, or researcher-intelligence signal points to malware. Runtime behavior was not observed, and no complete contacted-host reputation result is available, which limits certainty about any active content inside the document.
What We Detected
None of 54 antivirus engines flagged the PDF, and all 18 tier-1 engines reported no detection. These included Microsoft, Kaspersky, BitDefender, ESET-NOD32, Avast, and Fortinet. No malware family, suspicious heuristic, brand mismatch, or corroborating researcher-intelligence hit was present.
Threat Behavior
No completed sandbox observation is available, so the document's runtime behavior was not assessed. The evidence also lacks a complete contacted-host reputation result. The hash has been known since 2014, but only two submissions from two sources were recorded.
What To Do Now
The static evidence supports normal use. Open it with an updated PDF reader, keep endpoint protection enabled, and avoid following unexpected links or granting unusual prompts from the document.
Where this verdict could be wrong3 caveats
- prevalence.uniqueSources=2 and prevalence.timesSubmitted=2 indicate limited real-world prevalence despite the sample's age.
- behaviour=null means embedded scripts, links, or exploit activity were not observed in a completed sandbox run.
- externalIntel.availability shows YARAify and MalwareBazaar were skipped, while contactedHosts=null leaves no complete host-reputation result.
These are the assessment's weak points. If you believe one applies to your file, report the verdict and we'll re-review it.
- 0/54 antivirus engines reported a detection.
- All 18 tier-1 engines reported no detection.
- The hash has been known since 2014.
- triggeredHeuristics is empty.
- brandMismatch was not detected.
- No completed sandbox observation is available.
- Only two submissions from two sources were recorded.
- No complete contacted-host reputation result is available.
- YARAify and MalwareBazaar intelligence checks were skipped.
Open the document only in an updated PDF reader while keeping endpoint protection enabled. Treat unexpected links, attachments, or prompts inside the PDF cautiously.
Coverage & freshness
Complete means the check returned a usable result. It does not mean the file is safe.
Antivirus
Complete0 of 54 engines flagged the file.
Sandbox
PartialRuntime data is present, but no completed sandbox environment is recorded.
Network
Not runNo contacted-host reputation check is recorded.
No timestamp recordedYARA
CompleteRule evaluation completed with no recorded matches.
External intel
PartialIndependent reference checks were attempted but are incomplete.
Behavior
Plain-English impact first, then the observed runtime evidence.
Runtime behavior was not available
The report does not treat a missing runtime observation as a clean result.
Detection & Forensics
Consensus, attribution, signatures, code structure, prevalence, and identity.
Evidence integrity
Chain of custody for the facts preserved in this report.
- 0rule hits recorded
- 0 / 54engines flagged
- 2sources in submission history
Why these facts are shown
Each statement identifies whether it was directly recorded or derived from saved scan facts.
- 01
0 of 54 antivirus engines flagged the file.
Verdict inputView chapterProvenanceObservedSourceAntivirus analysisObserved at - 02
One or more independent reference checks were incomplete or unavailable.
ProvenanceDerivedSourceExternal-intelligence coverageObserved at - 03
No completed runtime observation is available for this file.
ProvenanceDerivedSourceRuntime coverageObserved at
Detection sources at a glance
The available sources did not agree on a named threat category.
Available reference checks returned no match, but at least one source was unavailable. This is not a clean result.
YARA rules
No matchesThe rule pass completed without a saved public match.
0 of 54 engines flagged this file
View all 54 engine results
PE structure
Not applicablePE structure analysis applies to Windows executable formats, not this file type.
How widely this file has been seen
Rarely uploaded, but has been around for a while. Often niche legitimate software or old internal tooling; not a strong malware signal on its own.
Fingerprint and provenance
- File name
- Nick Crossley-Making Sense of Social Movements-Open University Press (2002).pdf
- Format
- Code signing
- Not applicable to this file type
- Size
- 7.1 MB
- Last analyzed
- Oct 1, 2026, 1:26 PM UTC
a6dd5f84aae2096cffeb6a6c6414b97be10e2c224ed392ea2bb267f3a9cc646fSafety & FAQ
Complete recovery guidance and answers for the next decision.
What to do now
This file appears low risk based on the evidence available now.
- Recovery step 01
Open it only when its sender or download source is one you independently trust.
- Recovery step 02
A clean result reduces known risk, but it cannot guarantee that every new or targeted threat has been detected.
- Recovery step 03
Keep your antivirus and Windows updates switched on so you stay protected.
Safety FAQ
Direct answers grounded in the saved verdict and evidence in this report.
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Community
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