Is Robert B. Ash, Catherine A. Doléans-Dade - Probability & Measure Theory, Second Edition-Academic P.pdf safe?
No antivirus engine detected malware, and the completed sandbox run showed no offensive techniques, though two direct-IP contacts lack a complete reputation check.
None of 76 antivirus engines flagged this long-observed PDF, including all 18 reporting tier-1 engines. One sandbox run produced no offensive techniques or malicious verdict, but two external IP contacts were not fully reputation-checked, so standard PDF precautions remain appropriate.
b7fd20ab0992f59e01…affb03e5636c08Recommended next actions
Before opening
Open it only when its sender or download source is one you independently trust.
If you already opened it
Keep normal device protection enabled and stop if the file behaves unexpectedly.
Intelligence
The saved assessment, checked against the scan evidence and recorded coverage.
The reasoning behind this verdict
This section explains the evidence supporting the verdict and keeps conflicting or missing signals visible.
None of 76 antivirus engines flagged this long-observed PDF, including all 18 reporting tier-1 engines. One sandbox run produced no offensive techniques or malicious verdict, but two external IP contacts were not fully reputation-checked, so standard PDF precautions remain appropriate.
The strongest evidence is broad detection silence: 0 of 76 engines flagged the sample, with no tier-1 detections. A completed sandbox run recorded two ambient techniques but no offensive techniques, persistence indicators, or malicious sandbox verdict. Ten written or extracted child hashes were inspected without a malicious child finding, although their individual verdicts remain unknown. The direct-IP heuristic is a meaningful counter-signal, but it is unsupported by engine detections, curated intelligence, or other offensive behavior. Because contacted-host reputation was not checked or saved, the observed no complete contacted-host reputation result was available.
What We Detected
None of 76 antivirus engines flagged the PDF, and all 18 reporting tier-1 engines returned no detection. Curated intelligence checks also produced no MalwareBazaar, CIRCL, or YARAify hit.
Threat Behavior
One completed sandbox run recorded no offensive MITRE techniques, no persistence indicators, and no malicious sandbox verdict. Ten child hashes were inspected without a malicious child finding, although their individual status remains unresolved. A heuristic noted direct connections to 50.16.47.176 and 23.213.164.167; because contacted-host reputation coverage is unavailable, those connections cannot be confirmed as benign or harmful.
What To Do Now
Open the document only with an updated PDF reader and keep endpoint protection enabled. If the file came from an unexpected source, use a restricted viewer or confirm its origin before interacting with embedded content.
Where this verdict could be wrong3 caveats
- MalwareTips.Synth.DirectIpC2 identified direct traffic to 50.16.47.176 and 23.213.164.167; contactedHosts=null leaves their reputation unresolved.
- file.tags includes file-embedded and autoaction, indicating active PDF features that warrant caution despite the absence of detections.
- prevalence.classification=rare_old records only 2 submitters and 2 submissions, so prevalence support is limited.
These are the assessment's weak points. If you believe one applies to your file, report the verdict and we'll re-review it.
- 0/76 engines reported a malicious or suspicious result.
- tier1Malicious=0 and tier1ReportedClean=18.
- behaviour.offensiveCount=0 and behaviour.hasMaliciousSandboxVerdict=false.
- droppedChildren.hasMaliciousChild=false across 10 inspected children.
- YARAify, CIRCL, and MalwareBazaar returned no corroborating hit.
- Direct-IP traffic to 50.16.47.176 and 23.213.164.167 was observed without a complete host-reputation result.
- The PDF carries file-embedded and autoaction tags.
- Only 2 submissions from 2 sources are recorded despite the file's age.
- All 10 inspected child hashes have unresolved individual verdicts.
Use an updated PDF reader and keep endpoint protection enabled. Exercise extra caution with embedded content or automatic actions if the document's source is unfamiliar.
Coverage & freshness
Complete means the check returned a usable result. It does not mean the file is safe.
Antivirus
Complete0 of 76 engines flagged the file.
Sandbox
Complete1 isolated runtime environment contributed observations.
Network
Partial3 runtime contacts were observed without a completed reputation cross-check.
YARA
Complete1 signature or behavior rule matched.
External intel
Complete3 of 3 independent reference sources completed.
Behavior
Plain-English impact first, then the observed runtime evidence.
Runtime flight recorder
Capture complete- 1isolated sandbox run
- 2MITRE ATT&CK techniques
- 3spawned processes
- 3network contacts
- 39filesystem & mutex artifacts
Attack story
Runtime observations grouped by analysis stage. Arrows organize the stages; they do not claim chronology or causality.
Input file
The submitted object
- FileObserved
Robert B. Ash, Catherine A. Doléans-Dade - Probability & Measure Theory, Second Edition-Academic P.pdf
b7fd20ab0992f59e01d9e09dc4e8460fecec1081503dd1e346affb03e5636c08
01Uploaded file
Processes
Runtime execution
- ProcessObserved
Observed process
c:\program files (x86)\adobe\acrobat reader dc\reader\acrocef_1\RdrCEF.exe --backgroundcolor=16514043
02Isolated runtime analysis - ProcessObserved
Observed process
C:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Acrobat Reader DC\Reader\AcroRd32.exe" "C:\Users\user\Desktop\attachment.pdf
03Isolated runtime analysis - +1 more recorded observation in Analyst mode
Files
Created or changed
- Written fileObserved
SOPHIA.json
C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\SOPHIA.json
04Isolated runtime analysis - Written fileObserved
TESTING
C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\Files\TESTING
05Isolated runtime analysis - +1 more recorded observation in Analyst mode
Network
Hosts contacted
- Contacted hostObserved
8.8.8.8
Contact observed during runtime.
06Isolated runtime analysis - Contacted hostObserved
50.16.47.176
Contact observed during runtime.
07Isolated runtime analysis - +1 more recorded observation in Analyst mode
7 recorded facts from one runtime window. Every fact remains independently traceable in Analyst mode.
What this file did when executed
This file was detonated in 1 sandbox and its runtime behaviour was observed.
Adversary techniques mapped to the MITRE ATT&CK framework.
- 8.8.8.8
- 50.16.47.176
- 23.213.164.167
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\SOPHIA.json
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\Files\TESTING
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\Cache\AdobeFnt23.lst.276
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\AdobeFnt23.lst.276
- Local\07C98DD0
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\Files\DC_READER_LAUNCH_CARD
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\Files\ACROBAT_READER_MASTER_SURFACEID
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\LocalLow\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\ReaderMessages-journal
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Temp\A910iti9q_pdft7m_7o.tmp
- C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Temp\A9p4wccg_pdft7o_7o.tmp
- Local\Acrobat Instance Mutex
- DBWinMutex
- com.adobe.acrobat.rna.RdrCefBrowserLock.DC
- \Sessions\1\BaseNamedObjects\{100184D2-BDC3-477a-B8D3-65548B67914C}_6584
- \Sessions\1\BaseNamedObjects\Local\{100184D2-BDC3-477a-B8D3-65548B67914C}_5708
Files this sample writes at runtime
This file drops 10 children at runtime. None are currently flagged malicious in our cache.
- ad27039abac3252c3b39…37ede5Never scannednever seen before
- 81ff65efc4487853bdb4…7c8e06Never scannednever seen before
- 585991e66f28e9198082…37a73dNever scannednever seen before
- d75e67be71df3771e8b6…98c47eNever scannednever seen before
- d7af062a42063bdcd4b8…9c7201Never scannednever seen before
- e3b0c44298fc1c149afb…52b855Never scannednever seen before
- dfbc48083ccc0e142b99…a79e8eNever scannednever seen before
- 9ba300650db726c94f8d…b14d74Never scannednever seen before
- 4e2dd146049a8eb07700…09e60eNever scannednever seen before
- 2f44f5e630edd7425440…cfcbd8Never scannednever seen before
Detection & Forensics
Consensus, attribution, signatures, code structure, prevalence, and identity.
Evidence integrity
Chain of custody for the facts preserved in this report.
- 1rule hit recorded
- 0 / 76engines flagged
- 2sources in submission history
Why these facts are shown
Each statement identifies whether it was directly recorded or derived from saved scan facts.
- 01
0 of 76 antivirus engines flagged the file.
Verdict inputView chapterProvenanceObservedSourceAntivirus analysisObserved at - 02
The hash has been submitted 2 times from 2 sources.
ProvenanceDerivedSourceSaved report factsObserved at - 03
Scanned file: Robert B. Ash, Catherine A. Doléans-Dade - Probability & Measure Theory, Second Edition-Academic P.pdf — b7fd20ab0992f59e01d9e09dc4e8460fecec1081503dd1e346affb03e5636c08
ProvenanceObservedSourceUploaded fileObserved at - 04
Observed process — c:\program files (x86)\adobe\acrobat reader dc\reader\acrocef_1\RdrCEF.exe --backgroundcolor=16514043
ProvenanceObservedSourceIsolated runtime analysisObserved at - 05
Observed process — C:\Program Files (x86)\Adobe\Acrobat Reader DC\Reader\AcroRd32.exe" "C:\Users\user\Desktop\attachment.pdf
ProvenanceObservedSourceIsolated runtime analysisObserved at - 06
File written: SOPHIA.json — C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\SOPHIA.json
ProvenanceObservedSourceIsolated runtime analysisObserved at - 07
File written: TESTING — C:\Users\<USER>\AppData\Local\Adobe\Acrobat\DC\SOPHIA\Reader\Files\TESTING
ProvenanceObservedSourceIsolated runtime analysisObserved at - 08
Contacted host: 8.8.8.8 — Contact observed during runtime.
ProvenanceObservedSourceIsolated runtime analysisObserved at - 09
Contacted host: 50.16.47.176 — Contact observed during runtime.
ProvenanceObservedSourceIsolated runtime analysisObserved at
Detection sources at a glance
The available sources did not agree on a named threat category.
MalwareBazaar, YARAify, and CIRCL hashlookup completed and returned no entries for this hash.
Signatures and behavior heuristics
Behavioral heuristics matched patterns associated with malware. Corroborating evidence determines how much weight they carry.
The sample contacted an external IP address directly and no application domain was recorded. Direct-IP traffic also occurs in legitimate installers and infrastructure, so this is supporting context only and requires corroboration from host reputation and other runtime evidence.
Evidence50.16.47.176 · 23.213.164.167
0 of 76 engines flagged this file
View all 76 engine results
PE structure
Not applicablePE structure analysis applies to Windows executable formats, not this file type.
How widely this file has been seen
Rarely uploaded, but has been around for a while. Often niche legitimate software or old internal tooling; not a strong malware signal on its own.
Fingerprint and provenance
- File name
- Robert B. Ash, Catherine A. Doléans-Dade - Probability & Measure Theory, Second Edition-Academic P.pdf
- Format
- Code signing
- Not applicable to this file type
- Size
- 7.3 MB
- Last analyzed
- Sep 10, 2026, 9:17 PM UTC
b7fd20ab0992f59e01d9e09dc4e8460fecec1081503dd1e346affb03e5636c08Safety & FAQ
Complete recovery guidance and answers for the next decision.
What to do now
This file appears low risk based on the evidence available now.
- Recovery step 01
Open it only when its sender or download source is one you independently trust.
- Recovery step 02
A clean result reduces known risk, but it cannot guarantee that every new or targeted threat has been detected.
- Recovery step 03
Keep your antivirus and Windows updates switched on so you stay protected.
Safety FAQ
Direct answers grounded in the saved verdict and evidence in this report.
Is this file safe?
What is this file?
How many antivirus engines detected this file?
What is the SHA-256 hash of this file?
Is it safe to open this file?
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Community
Member reviews and reports for this exact file hash.